In English one can say:
1) She has broken the window.
2) She broke the window.
In the first sentence, we know that the window is still broken, while in the second sentence it might have been fixed.
In Portuguese we can only say "Ela quebrou a janela". This literally means "she broke the window", so the whole concept of something like "she has broken the window" is impossible to be carried over to Portuguese only using a verb form. We need to explain that it's still broken if we want to make sure that someone knows it needs fixing. To be honest, I believe that most people would immediately ask "tem que consertar?" or "does it need fixing?", but the thing is that in English, when we use the Present Perfect, it's very clear that the window is still broken, while in Portuguese we need to ask another question to make sure that it's still broken. Most people would assume by the context that it is broken anyway, but in order to make sure we need a second question, while in English this is not necessary.
Now, there is an equivalent structure in Portuguese with the verb ter (have) + past participle of another verb, but it only works for specific situations. For example:
Tem feito tempo bom.
Literally: (It) has been weather good. As you might have guessed, this means "The weather has been nice", so it kind of works in Portuguese. But if you try to apply this to the first example, it makes absolutely no sense in Portuguese.
"Ela tem quebrado a janela" (literally: she has broken the window) would raise many eyebrows as people would have no clue about what you want to say. I'd probably guess something like "she has been breaking the window again and again", but even so I'd use a completely different arrangement of words if I wanted to say something like this in Portuguese, like, for example, "toda vez que a gente coloca uma janela nova, ela quebra" (every time we set up a new window, she breaks it).
There's also a form with andar (walk) + gerund. For example:
Ele anda fazendo coisas erradas.
Literally: He walks doing things bad. This means "he has been doing bad things". Of course, anda doesn't mean here that the person is walking, but instead it has the same meaning of Present Perfect in English, but it's not something that we can easily apply to "ela quebrou a janela" or "tem feito tempo bom", for example. It's like we're dealing with three completely different notions of time (even though "tem feito" and "anda fazendo" are not that different) in Portuguese, instead of a single notion of time in English like the Present Perfect.
In short, often the meaning of sentences in the Present Perfect cannot be entirely replicated in Portuguese. I know these were not the best examples in the world, but I hope I was able to help, somehow.