You do not in fact. You do have to prove that you are a real person at some point in the process, but I can’t remember when. I did not need my ID when I went to vote today. I signed in with an electronic signature, and then was given my “ballot” to put into the machine.
There’s literally zero excuse to not vote in California. It’s so easy to get registered, and to vote. We accommodate people in all sorts of ways (audio voting for the blind, ballots in like 15 languages, voting from your car for people with disabilities, voting by mail for anyone who can’t make it to the polls, voting by mail for Californians currently living overseas, voting assistants for the “disabled”, voting hotlines for various needs, etc.)